Human Nature is (and can only be) Tautology

"The whole is the lie." --Theodor Adorno, _Minima Moralia_

Any definition or theory of "human nature" that makes itself a totalizing unity forcing reconciliation of contradictory aspects, dimensions, behaviors, ways of being, in short any definition that attempts to escape tautology and all its implications, is a lie: human nature is only and always what nature's humans do. This by no means subjugates human nature to extant empirical proofs; empirical proofs have unfolded a broad spectrum of living-modes: this spectrum is not end but point of departure: for all their grand diversity, history's human natures fit within a spectral sliver: human nature's history, should it not soon end, will yet unfold the rainbow and all that lies beyond. 


David Shipko